Cracking the Code

Time Limit: Java: 2000 ms / Others: 2000 ms

Memory Limit: Java: 65536 KB / Others: 65536 KB

Description

You have been contracted by a terrorist group to crack encrypted transmissions. The only information that the terrorists could give you regarding the encrypted message is that a fixed key-length XOR-encryption algorithm was used to encode it. After a brief search on the 'Net, you find the following definition of XOR-encryption:

Assuming that we have a character u[i] from the unencrypted input stream, and a key k of length l with characters k[j], 0 <= j < l, then the encrypted value e[i] is obtained as follows:

e[i] = u[i] XOR k[i MOD l]

where MOD is the remainder after integer division (the % operator in C, C++ and Java), and XOR is the bitwise XOR operator applied to an 8-bit character (the ^ operator in C, C++ and Java). XOR encryption is a symmetric encryption scheme, so that the message is decoded by encrypting the encrypted message (a second time) with the same key, so that

u[i] = e[i] XOR k[i MOD l]

You are given four encrypted input streams of 30 000 characters each (that is, a continuous input stream of 120 000 characters). Your program must output the four decrypted stream with no other characters embedded. The streams were encrypted using XOR encryption with fixed length keys of fewer than 30 characters. Each character in the key is unique (appears only once), and is selected from the set a..z merged with 0..9.

Your task is to determine the correct key length, and decrypt the encrypted input stream.

Your terrorist friends provided you with one last vital piece of information: ��The decrypted message will be in English.'��

It is recommended that you write an XOR encryption program first to aid you in testing your solution.

Input

The output of the XOR encryption algorithm is not normally printable, since it may contain ASCII codes greater than 127. Therefore, the sample-encrypted message below is shown in numerical ASCII values (in decimal) �C the actual input file contains the ASCII symbols.

If the message "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" is encrypted using the key "12" (the literal characters "1" and "2", concatenated), the following (binary) file results.

69 90 84 18 64 71 88 81 90 18 83 64 94 69 95 18
87 93 73 18 91 71 92 66 66 18 94 68 84 64 17 70
89 87 17 94 80 72 72 18 85 93 86

If these values are converted to ASCII symbols and stored in a file (the file length should be exactly 43 bytes), it can be used as input to your program. It is recommended that you first write the encryption algorithm.

Output

Your program should determine the key length to be 2 (you should not output this value), and decrypt the message to yield:

the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Sample Input

None

Sample Output

None

Hint

Since it's impractical to read a binary input from a text stream, I have converted the original input data into numbers, that is, the ascii value of respective characters. So what you are really expecting is 120 000 lines of numbers, one per line! It doesn't matter for the output because they should become printable characters if you ever got this mess right. :p

Source

South Africa 2001